<frameset> and <frame> : PDF Merging and Document Combination Elements

The <frameset> and <frame> elements are powerful components that enable merging existing PDFs with dynamically generated content, creating combined documents, and building complex multi-source PDF files. This allows you to overlay generated content onto existing PDFs, append documents, or create sophisticated document workflows.

On this page

<frameset> and <frame> : PDF Merging and Document Combination Elements

Usage

The <frameset> element acts as a container for multiple <frame> elements, where each frame can reference:

An existing PDF file as the base document
HTML/XHTML template files to merge
Inline HTML content within the frame
Remote or local file sources

Key Capabilities

PDF Merging: Combine existing PDFs with new content
Template Overlay: Overlay generated content on top of existing PDF pages
Document Concatenation: Append multiple documents together
Page Selection: Extract specific pages from source PDFs
Dynamic Content: Generate content that interacts with existing PDFs
Multi-Source: Reference multiple templates and one PDF file

<frameset>
    <!-- Base PDF file -->
    <frame src="template.pdf"></frame>

    <!-- Add content from HTML template -->
    <frame src="content.html"></frame>

    <!-- Inline content -->
    <frame>
        <html>
            <body>
                <div>Additional content</div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Supported Attributes

<frameset> Attributes

The <frameset> element acts as a container and has no specific attributes beyond standard container properties.

Attribute	Type	Description
None	-	Container element only, manages child frames

<frame> Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
`src`	string	Path to the PDF or HTML template file. Can be relative or absolute path.
`type`	MIME type	Optional. Specifies the content type: “application/pdf” for PDFs or “text/html” for templates. Auto-detected if omitted.
`data-page-start`	integer	Zero-based index of the first page to include from the source. Default is 0 (first page).
`data-page-count`	integer	Number of pages to include from the source. Default is all pages (int.MaxValue).
`data-content`	string	Inline HTML content to use instead of a file source.
`data-over-repeat`	string	Controls how inner content overlays repeat on source pages. Options: `"None"`, `"First"`, `"Once"` (default), `"Last"`, `"Repeat"`. See Overlay Repeat Behavior section.
`hidden`	string	Set to “hidden” to skip this frame. Useful for conditional inclusion.

Frame Types and Behavior

Root Frame (PDF Base)

The first PDF referenced in any frame becomes the root document. Only one PDF file can be referenced across all frames:

<frameset>
    <!-- This becomes the root PDF -->
    <frame src="base-template.pdf"></frame>

    <!-- Additional content overlays on the PDF -->
    <frame src="overlay-content.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Template Frames (HTML/XHTML)

Template frames are HTML documents that get merged with the root PDF:

<frameset>
    <frame src="template.pdf"></frame>
    <frame src="page1-content.html"></frame>
    <frame src="page2-content.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Inline Content Frames

Frames can contain inline HTML documents:

<frameset>
    <frame src="template.pdf"></frame>
    <frame>
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="padding: 20pt;">
                    <h1>Dynamic Content</h1>
                    <p>This content is generated inline.</p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat Behavior

When a frame has both a source file (typically a PDF) and inner content, the inner content acts as an overlay. The data-over-repeat attribute controls how this overlay repeats across pages:

Value	Behavior
`"None"`	No overlay applied to any pages
`"First"`	Overlay applied only to the first page of the source
`"Once"`	Default. Overlay applied only to the first page of this frame’s content
`"Last"`	Overlay applied only to the last page of the source
`"Repeat"`	Overlay applied to every page of the source

Example: Watermark on all pages

<frameset>
    <frame src="document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 120pt; color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.15);">
                    {{model.status}}
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Example: Header on first page only

<frameset>
    <frame src="report.pdf" data-over-repeat="First">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: absolute; top: 20pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;">
                    <h1>{{model.reportTitle}}</h1>
                    <p>Generated: {{model.date}}</p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Notes

Important Limitations

Single PDF Rule: Only ONE PDF file can be referenced across all frames in a frameset
Multiple References: The same PDF can be referenced multiple times with different page selections
Root Priority: If no PDF is referenced, the first template becomes the root
Order Matters: Frames are processed in order, with later frames appending to eariler content.

Page Selection

Use data-page-start and data-page-count to select specific pages:

data-page-start="0": Start at first page (default)
data-page-count="1": Include only one page
Omit data-page-count to include all pages from start index

File Path Resolution

Paths in the src attribute can be:

Relative: Resolved relative to the current document
Absolute: Full file system or URL path
Virtual: May use application-specific path mapping

Async Loading

Frame content is loaded during the data binding phase and may use async operations for remote files.

Examples

Basic PDF with Overlay Content

<frameset>
    <!-- Existing PDF form -->
    <frame src="application-form.pdf"></frame>

    <!-- Last page generated content -->
    <frame>
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 100pt; top: 200pt;">
                    <span>{{model.applicantName}}</span>
                </div>
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 100pt; top: 250pt;">
                    <span>{{model.applicationDate}}</span>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Merging Multiple Templates

<frameset>
    <!-- Cover page -->
    <frame src="cover-page.html"></frame>

    <!-- Table of contents -->
    <frame src="toc.html"></frame>

    <!-- Main content -->
    <frame src="main-content.html"></frame>

    <!-- Appendix -->
    <frame src="appendix.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Extracting Specific PDF Pages

<frameset>
    <!-- Use only pages 1-3 from source PDF (0-indexed) -->
    <frame src="large-document.pdf" data-page-start="0" data-page-count="3"></frame>

    <!-- Add summary page -->
    <frame src="summary.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Certificate Generation

<frameset>
    <!-- Pre-designed certificate template PDF -->
    <frame src="certificate-template.pdf">
        <!-- Overlay recipient information on the page -->
        <html>
            <body>
                <!-- Recipient name -->
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 300pt;
                            transform: translateX(-50%);
                            font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold;">
                    {{model.recipientName}}
                </div>

                <!-- Certificate number -->
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 100pt; bottom: 100pt;
                            font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                    Certificate #{{model.certificateNumber}}
                </div>

                <!-- Date -->
                <div style="position: absolute; right: 100pt; bottom: 100pt;
                            font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                    {{model.issueDate}}
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Invoice with Letterhead

<frameset>
    <!-- Company letterhead PDF (first page only) -->
    <frame src="company-letterhead.pdf" data-page-start="0" data-page-count="1"></frame>

    <!-- Invoice content. -->
    <frame>
        <html><!-- automatically picks up the xhtml namespace from the outer document if set -->
            <body>
                <div style="margin: 150pt 50pt 50pt 50pt;">
                    <h1>Invoice #{{model.invoiceNumber}}</h1>

                    <table style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20pt;">
                        <thead>
                            <tr>
                                <th>Description</th>
                                <th style="text-align: right;">Amount</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                            <template data-bind="{{model.items}}">
                                <tr>
                                    <td>{{.description}}</td>
                                    <td style="text-align: right;">${{.amount}}</td>
                                </tr>
                            </template>
                        </tbody>
                        <tfoot>
                            <tr style="font-weight: bold;">
                                <td>Total:</td>
                                <td style="text-align: right;">${{model.total}}</td>
                            </tr>
                        </tfoot>
                    </table>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Form Filling

<frameset>
    <!-- Government or standard form PDF -->
    <frame src="tax-form.pdf">
        <html>
            <body>
                <!-- Field 1: Name -->
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 120pt; top: 180pt;
                            font-family: Courier; font-size: 10pt;">
                    {{model.taxpayerName}}
                </div>

                <!-- Field 2: SSN -->
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 120pt; top: 220pt;
                            font-family: Courier; font-size: 10pt;">
                    {{model.ssn}}
                </div>

                <!-- Field 3: Income -->
                <div style="position: absolute; left: 400pt; top: 320pt;
                            font-family: Courier; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">
                    {{model.totalIncome}}
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Multi-Page Overlay

<frameset>
    <!-- Base PDF with multiple pages -->
    <frame src="multi-page-template.pdf">
        <!-- First page overlay -->
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: absolute; right: 50pt; top: 50pt;">
                    <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">CONFIDENTIAL</span>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
    <!-- Additional content pages -->
    <frame src="appendix.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Conditional Frame Inclusion

<frameset>

    <!-- Include cover page only if specified -->
    <frame src="cover-page.html"
           hidden="{{!model.includeCover ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>

    <frame src="main-document.pdf"></frame>

    <!-- Include terms only for certain contract types -->
    <frame src="standard-terms.html"
           hidden="{{model.contractType != 'standard' ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>

    <frame src="enterprise-terms.html"
           hidden="{{model.contractType != 'enterprise' ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>
</frameset>

Report with Executive Summary

<frameset>
    <!-- Executive summary on company template -->
    <frame src="company-template.pdf" data-page-start="0" data-page-count="1">
        <html>
            <body style="margin: 150pt 50pt 50pt 50pt;">
                <h1>Executive Summary</h1>
                <p>{{model.executiveSummary}}</p>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <!-- Detailed report content -->
    <frame src="detailed-report.html"></frame>
</frameset>

Contract Assembly

<frameset>
    <!-- Standard contract first page -->
    <frame src="contract-template.pdf" data-page-start="0" data-page-count="1"></frame>

    <!-- Custom terms -->
    <frame>
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="padding: 50pt;">
                    <h2>Agreement Terms</h2>

                    <p><strong>Party A:</strong> {{model.partyA}}</p>
                    <p><strong>Party B:</strong> {{model.partyB}}</p>
                    <p><strong>Effective Date:</strong> {{model.effectiveDate}}</p>

                    <h3>Terms and Conditions</h3>
                    <template data-bind="{{model.terms}}">
                        <div style="margin: 10pt 0;">
                            <strong>{{.title}}</strong>
                            <p>{{.content}}</p>
                        </div>
                    </template>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <!-- Standard contract last pages -->
    <frame src="contract-template.pdf" data-page-start="1"></frame>
</frameset>

Watermarking Existing PDF

<frameset>
    <!-- Original PDF document -->
    <frame src="original-document.pdf">
        <!-- Watermark overlay -->
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 120pt; color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.15);
                            z-index: 1000; pointer-events: none;">
                    DRAFT
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Dynamic Content Insertion

<frameset>
    <frame src="template.pdf" data-content="{{model.htmlContent}}" ></frame>
</frameset>

Multi-Language Documents

<frameset>
    <!-- English version -->
    <frame src="content-en.html"
           hidden="{{model.language != 'en' ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>

    <!-- Spanish version -->
    <frame src="content-es.html"
           hidden="{{model.language != 'es' ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>

    <!-- French version -->
    <frame src="content-fr.html"
           hidden="{{model.language != 'fr' ? 'hidden' : ''}}"></frame>
</frameset>

Medical Records with Privacy Notice

<frameset>
    <!-- HIPAA privacy notice (required first page) -->
    <frame src="hipaa-notice.pdf" data-page-start="0" data-page-count="1"></frame>

    <!-- Patient information -->
    <frame>
        <html>
            <body style="padding: 50pt;">
                <h1>Patient Medical Record</h1>

                <div style="margin: 20pt 0;">
                    <strong>Patient:</strong> {{model.patientName}}<br/>
                    <strong>DOB:</strong> {{model.dateOfBirth}}<br/>
                    <strong>MRN:</strong> {{model.medicalRecordNumber}}
                </div>

                <h2>Visit History</h2>
                <template data-bind="{{model.visits}}">
                    <div style="margin: 15pt 0; padding: 10pt; border: 1pt solid #ccc;">
                        <strong>{{.visitDate}}</strong> - {{.visitType}}<br/>
                        <em>Provider:</em> {{.providerName}}<br/>
                        <p>{{.notes}}</p>
                    </div>
                </template>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Paginated Report Assembly

<frameset>
    <!-- Title page -->
    <frame src="title-page.html"></frame>

    <!-- Table of contents -->
    <frame src="toc-page.html"></frame>

    <!-- Chapter 1 -->
    <frame src="chapter-1.html"></frame>

    <!-- Chapter 2 -->
    <frame src="chapter-2.html"></frame>

    <!-- Chapter 3 -->
    <frame src="chapter-3.html"></frame>

    <!-- Bibliography from existing PDF -->
    <frame src="references.pdf" data-page-start="10" data-page-count="5"></frame>
</frameset>

Ticket or Badge Generation

<frameset>
    <!-- Badge template with design -->
    <frame src="badge-template.pdf">
        <html>
            <body>
                <template data-bind="{{model.attendees}}">
                    <!-- 4 badges per column, 3 columns -->
                    <!-- force a page break on each 12th -->
                    <div style="page-break-before: always" hidden="{{index() % 12 == 0 ? 'visible' : 'hidden' }}" ></div>

                    <var data-id="badge_column" data-value= "{{index() % 4}}" ></var>
                    <var data-id="badge_offset" data-value= "{{(index() mod 4) * 140}}"></var>

                <div style="position: relative; left: {{(badge_column * 200pt)}}; top: {{(badge_offset * 120pt)}};" >
                    <!-- Name -->
                    <div style="position: absolute; left: 20pt; top: 20pt;
                                font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
                        {{model.attendeeName}}
                    </div>

                    <!-- Company -->
                    <div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 240pt;
                                font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">
                        {{model.companyName}}
                    </div>

                    <!-- Badge type -->
                    <div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 280pt;
                                font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #666;">
                        {{model.badgeType}}
                    </div>

                    <!-- QR Code -->
                    <div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 320pt;>
                        <img src="{{model.qrCodeUrl}}" style="width: 80pt; height: 80pt;"/>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <!-- Attendee information overlay -->
    <frame>

    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Watermark on All Pages

<frameset>
    <!-- Apply "CONFIDENTIAL" watermark to every page -->
    <frame src="document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 96pt; font-weight: bold;
                            color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1);
                            pointer-events: none;">
                    CONFIDENTIAL
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Page Numbers on All Pages

<frameset>
    <!-- Add page numbers to every page of existing PDF -->
    <frame src="legacy-document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; bottom: 20pt; right: 50pt;
                            font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                    Page <page-number /> of <page-count />
                </div>
                <div style="position: fixed; bottom: 20pt; left: 50pt;
                            font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                    Document #{{model.documentId}}
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

<frameset>
    <!-- Add cover information only to first page -->
    <frame src="report.pdf" data-over-repeat="First">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: absolute; top: 20pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            padding: 15pt; background-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
                            border-left: 4pt solid #2563eb;">
                    <h1 style="margin: 0; color: #2563eb;">{{model.title}}</h1>
                    <p style="margin: 5pt 0 0 0; font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                        Generated: {{model.date}} | Author: {{model.author}}
                    </p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

<frameset>
    <!-- Add signature block only to last page -->
    <frame src="contract.pdf" data-over-repeat="Last">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: absolute; bottom: 100pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;">
                    <div style="display: table; width: 100%;">
                        <div style="display: table-row;">
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 50%; padding-right: 20pt;">
                                <div style="border-top: 1pt solid #000; padding-top: 5pt;">
                                    <strong>{{model.party1Name}}</strong><br/>
                                    Date: _________________
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 50%; padding-left: 20pt;">
                                <div style="border-top: 1pt solid #000; padding-top: 5pt;">
                                    <strong>{{model.party2Name}}</strong><br/>
                                    Date: _________________
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Conditional Watermark

<frameset>
    <!-- Apply different watermarks based on document status -->
    <frame src="document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat"
           hidden="{{model.status != 'draft' ? 'hidden' : ''}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 96pt; color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.1);">
                    DRAFT
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <frame src="document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat"
           hidden="{{model.status != 'approved' ? 'hidden' : ''}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 96pt; color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 0.1);">
                    APPROVED
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Bates Numbering

<frameset>
    <!-- Add Bates numbering to each page -->
    <frame src="legal-document.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; bottom: 10pt; right: 10pt;
                            font-family: Courier; font-size: 9pt;
                            background-color: white; padding: 2pt 5pt;
                            border: 1pt solid #000;">
                    {{model.batesPrefix}}<page-number format="000000" />
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Dynamic Headers and Footers

<frameset>
    <!-- Add repeating header/footer with dynamic content -->
    <frame src="presentation.pdf" data-over-repeat="Repeat">
        <html>
            <body>
                <!-- Header on every page -->
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 15pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            border-bottom: 1pt solid #2563eb; padding-bottom: 5pt;">
                    <div style="display: table; width: 100%;">
                        <div style="display: table-row;">
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 70%;">
                                <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #2563eb;">
                                    {{model.companyName}}
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 30%; text-align: right;">
                                <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #666;">
                                    {{model.presentationDate}}
                                </span>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Footer on every page -->
                <div style="position: fixed; bottom: 15pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            border-top: 1pt solid #ccc; padding-top: 5pt;">
                    <div style="display: table; width: 100%;">
                        <div style="display: table-row;">
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 50%;">
                                <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #666;">
                                    {{model.confidentialityNotice}}
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div style="display: table-cell; width: 50%; text-align: right;">
                                <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #333;">
                                    Page <page-number /> of <page-count />
                                </span>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: First and Last Page Special Treatment

<frameset>
    <!-- Cover page overlay (first page only) -->
    <frame src="blank-template.pdf" data-page-count="1" data-over-repeat="First">
        <html>
            <body style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #1e40af, #3b82f6);">
                <div style="position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%); text-align: center;">
                    <h1 style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; margin: 0;">
                        {{model.reportTitle}}
                    </h1>
                    <p style="color: white; font-size: 14pt; margin-top: 20pt;">
                        {{model.subtitle}}
                    </p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <!-- Main content pages (no overlay) -->
    <frame src="report-content.pdf" data-page-start="1"></frame>

    <!-- Back cover (last page only) -->
    <frame src="blank-template.pdf" data-page-count="1" data-over-repeat="Last">
        <html>
            <body style="background-color: #f3f4f6;">
                <div style="position: absolute; bottom: 50pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            text-align: center;">
                    <p style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                        © {{model.year}} {{model.companyName}}. All rights reserved.
                    </p>
                    <p style="font-size: 9pt; color: #999; margin-top: 5pt;">
                        {{model.contactInfo}}
                    </p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Data-Bound Conditional Control

<frameset>
    <!-- Dynamically control overlay repeat based on data -->
    <frame src="document.pdf" data-over-repeat="{{if(model.showWatermark, 'Repeat', 'None')}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 96pt; color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1);">
                    {{model.watermarkText}}
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Dynamic Selection Based on Document Type

<frameset>
    <!-- Use different overlay patterns based on document settings -->
    <frame src="document.pdf"
           data-over-repeat="{{if(model.headerOnAllPages, 'Repeat', if(model.headerOnFirstOnly, 'First', 'None'))}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 20pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            padding: 10pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #2563eb;">
                    <h2 style="margin: 0; color: #2563eb;">{{model.documentTitle}}</h2>
                    <p style="margin: 5pt 0 0 0; font-size: 9pt; color: #666;">
                        {{model.documentNumber}}
                    </p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: User Preference Controlled

<frameset>
    <!-- Page numbers controlled by user preference -->
    <frame src="report.pdf"
           data-over-repeat="{{if(model.preferences.showPageNumbers, 'Repeat', 'None')}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; bottom: 20pt; text-align: center; width: 100%;">
                    <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666;">
                        Page <page-number /> of <page-count />
                    </span>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>

    <!-- Confidentiality notice on first and last pages only -->
    <frame src="report.pdf"
           data-over-repeat="{{if(model.isConfidential, 'Repeat', 'None')}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 10pt; right: 20pt;
                            background-color: #fee; padding: 5pt 10pt;
                            border: 2pt solid #f00; border-radius: 3pt;">
                    <strong style="color: #f00; font-size: 9pt;">
                        {{model.confidentialityLevel}}
                    </strong>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

Overlay Repeat: Complex Conditional Logic

<frameset>
    <!-- Different overlay behaviors based on multiple conditions -->
    <frame src="document.pdf"
           data-over-repeat="{{if(model.documentType == 'draft', 'Repeat',
                                if(model.documentType == 'final', 'First',
                                if(model.documentType == 'archived', 'None', 'Once')))}}">
        <html>
            <body>
                <!-- Draft: watermark on all pages -->
                {{#if model.documentType == 'draft'}}
                <div style="position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%;
                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
                            font-size: 96pt; color: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.1);">
                    DRAFT
                </div>
                {{/if}}

                <!-- Final: header on first page -->
                {{#if model.documentType == 'final'}}
                <div style="position: absolute; top: 30pt; left: 50pt; right: 50pt;
                            text-align: center; border-bottom: 2pt solid #10b981;">
                    <h1 style="color: #10b981; margin: 0;">FINAL VERSION</h1>
                    <p style="font-size: 10pt; color: #666; margin: 5pt 0;">
                        Approved: {{model.approvalDate}}
                    </p>
                </div>
                {{/if}}

                <!-- Default: simple identifier -->
                {{#if model.documentType != 'archived' && model.documentType != 'draft' && model.documentType != 'final'}}
                <div style="position: absolute; top: 20pt; right: 20pt;
                            font-size: 9pt; color: #666;">
                    ID: {{model.documentId}}
                </div>
                {{/if}}
            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>